Cystic fibrosis commonly causes male infertility due to which anatomical finding?

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In cystic fibrosis, male infertility most often results from congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. This means the ducts that normally carry sperm from the testes to the urethra don’t develop, so even though sperm production in the testes is usually normal, there’s no pathway to ejaculate. This creates obstructive azoospermia, where sperm are produced but cannot reach the outside. The epididymis and the sperm-producing tubules themselves are typically normal, and testosterone levels stay normal, so impaired spermatogenesis or low testosterone aren’t the driving issues here. Some men can still have biological offspring with assisted techniques that retrieve sperm directly from the testes or epididymis and use in vitro fertilization, bypassing the missing vas deferens.