Hematogenous spread of tuberculosis leads to which disseminated form?

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Hematogenous spread of TB results in miliary tuberculosis, a disseminated form caused by bacteria seeding the blood and traveling to multiple organs. After entering the bloodstream from a primary lesion or from reactivation, TB bacteria seed distant sites such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, adrenals, and meninges, producing countless tiny nodules in the lungs and other organs. This widespread pattern—often described as millet-seed nodules on imaging—reflects dissemination through the bloodstream rather than a localized infection. In contrast, primary TB or reactivation TB are typically more localized to the lungs (often in the upper lobes) or a single focus, and tuberculous pneumonia involves focal consolidation from direct spread rather than widespread hematogenous seeding. So the disseminated form caused by bloodstream spread is miliary TB.